ABS vs. PLA: What are the Key Differences?
3D printing has quickly become an important part of the manufacturing process, and two of the most popular materials used in 3D printing are ABS and PLA. Despite their similarities, these two plastics have a few key differences that can make them better options for specific applications. In this article, we’ll explore the physical properties, printing properties, cost comparison, and applications of ABS and PLA to help you determine which one is best for your project.
I. Introduction
Before we dive into the differences between ABS and PLA, let’s take a look at what each material is and how it’s used in 3D printing.
A. What is ABS?
ABS stands for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, and it’s a thermoplastic polymer that’s commonly used in 3D printing. It’s known for its low cost, strength, and durability, making it an ideal choice for projects that require a durable material. It’s also easy to print with and has a low shrinkage rate, which makes it popular among 3D printing enthusiasts.
B. What is PLA?
PLA stands for Polylactic Acid, and it’s another thermoplastic polymer that’s widely used in 3D printing. It’s derived from renewable resources like corn starch and sugar cane, making it a more environmentally friendly option than ABS. It’s also easier to print with than ABS and has a lower melting point, making it a great choice for projects that require intricate details.
II. Physical Properties
Now that we’ve taken a look at the basics of ABS and PLA, let’s delve deeper into their physical properties to see how they differ.
A. Density
One of the main differences between ABS and PLA is their density. ABS is a denser material than PLA, which means it’s heavier and more difficult to print with. This can be an advantage for projects that require a heavy, strong material, but it can also be a disadvantage if you’re looking for a lightweight material.
B. Flexibility
ABS is a more flexible material than PLA, which means it can be bent or stretched without breaking. This makes it an ideal choice for projects that require a flexible material, such as automotive parts or toys. PLA, on the other hand, is less flexible and more brittle, making it better for projects that need a rigid material, such as food packaging or medical devices.
C. Temperature Resistance
ABS is also more temperature resistant than PLA, which means it can withstand higher temperatures without deforming. This makes it a great choice for projects that require heat resistance, such as automotive parts or electronics. PLA, on the other hand, is not as temperature resistant and can start to deform at higher temperatures.
III. Printing Properties
The printing properties of ABS and PLA also differ in a few key ways.
A. Layer Adhesion
Layer adhesion is the ability of the 3D printed layers to stick together, and ABS has better layer adhesion than PLA. This means that ABS parts tend to be stronger and more durable than PLA parts, making it a great choice for projects that require strength and durability. PLA, on the other hand, has weaker layer adhesion, so it’s not as strong or durable as ABS.
B. Warping
Warping occurs when the edges of a 3D printed part curl up due to uneven cooling, and ABS is more prone to warping than PLA. This means that ABS parts may not have a perfectly smooth finish, which can be a disadvantage if you’re looking for a polished look. PLA, on the other hand, is less prone to warping and can produce a smoother finish.
C. Heat Bed Requirements
Finally, ABS requires a heated bed in order to print successfully, while PLA does not. This means that if you’re using ABS, you’ll need to invest in a heated bed for your 3D printer. On the other hand, if you’re using PLA, you won’t need to worry about investing in a heated bed.
IV. Cost Comparison
In addition to their physical and printing properties, ABS and PLA also differ in terms of cost.
A. Price
ABS is generally more expensive than PLA, which means you may need to pay more for your 3D printing materials if you’re using ABS. This can be a disadvantage if you’re on a tight budget, but it may be worth it if you’re looking for a strong, durable material.
B. Availability of Materials
ABS is also more widely available than PLA, which means it’s easier to find the materials you need. This can be a big advantage if you’re looking for a specific color or type of ABS, but it can also be a disadvantage if you’re looking for a specific type of PLA that’s not readily available.
V. Applications
The different properties of ABS and PLA make them better suited for certain applications.
A. Automotive
ABS is a great choice for automotive applications because it’s strong, durable, and temperature resistant. It can also be easily molded into complex shapes, making it ideal for creating custom parts or components.
B. Food Packaging
PLA is a great choice for food packaging applications because it’s safe to use with food and has a low shrinkage rate. It’s also more rigid than ABS, which means it can help keep food items securely packaged.
C. Medical Devices
PLA is also an ideal material for medical devices because it’s biocompatible and non-toxic. This makes it a great choice for creating medical implants or prosthetics that need to be safe and durable.
VI. Conclusion
ABS and PLA are two of the most popular materials used in 3D printing, and while they have some similarities, they also have a few key differences. ABS is denser, more flexible, and more temperature resistant than PLA, but it also requires a heated bed and is more expensive. PLA, on the other hand, is easier to print with, more environmentally friendly, and less prone to warping, but it’s also less durable and not as temperature resistant. Ultimately, the best material for your project will depend on your specific requirements, so be sure to consider the physical properties, printing properties, cost, and applications of both ABS and PLA before making your decision.