Choose the Best Automotive Plastic for Maximum Engineering Performance

Introduction

Plastics have become an integral part of modern automotive engineering, providing light weight, cost effective solutions that offer superior performance. Automotive plastics are used in a variety of applications, from engine covers to airbags and even fuel tanks. With so many different types of plastics available, it can be difficult to choose the right one for a particular application. In this article, we will discuss the different types of automotive plastics, selection criteria, and benefits of using plastics in automotive engineering.

Overview of Automotive Plastics

Automotive plastics are a type of polymer material made from various combinations of synthetic or natural elements. The most common types of plastics used in automotive engineering are Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS), Polypropylene (PP), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and Acetal/ Polyoxymethylene (POM). Each of these plastics has unique properties that make them suitable for different applications.

Benefits of Using Automotive Plastics

There are many benefits to using automotive plastics in engineering. Plastics are lighter than metals, making them ideal for reducing vehicle weight and improving fuel economy. They are also cheaper than metals, which makes them cost effective for mass production. Plastics are also corrosion-resistant, meaning they won’t rust or corrode over time, and they are easier to shape and form into complex shapes. Finally, automotive plastics are more resistant to environmental factors like temperature, UV radiation, and moisture, making them ideal for outdoor applications.

Types of Automotive Plastics

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) is a common thermoplastic polymer used in automotive engineering. It is a lightweight yet strong material that is highly resistant to impact and corrosion. It has excellent dimensional stability, meaning it can maintain its shape and size over time. ABS is also easy to mold and shape, making it ideal for creating intricate parts. It is commonly used to create dashboard panels, interior trim pieces, and other parts.

Polypropylene (PP)

Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic polymer that is widely used in automotive engineering. It is a flexible and lightweight material that is highly resistant to chemicals and moisture. It has excellent heat resistance, making it suitable for use in hot environments. PP is also highly resistant to abrasion and wear, making it an excellent choice for components that require durability. It is commonly used in fuel tanks, door panels, bumpers, and interior trim pieces.

Polycarbonate (PC)

Polycarbonate (PC) is a durable thermoplastic polymer that is highly transparent and resistant to impacts. It has excellent flame retardant properties, making it ideal for applications where fire safety is a concern. PC is also resistant to UV radiation, meaning it won’t discolor or degrade over time. It is commonly used in headlights, taillights, and other lighting components.

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a strong and lightweight thermoplastic polymer that is widely used in automotive engineering. It is highly resistant to impact and abrasion, making it an excellent choice for components that require durability. It is also resistant to chemicals, making it ideal for fuel tanks and other applications that require chemical resistance. PET is also UV-stable, meaning it won’t discolor or degrade over time.

Acetal/ Polyoxymethylene (POM)

Acetal/ Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a strong and rigid thermoplastic polymer with excellent mechanical properties. It has excellent strength and stiffness, making it ideal for components that require high rigidity. POM is also highly resistant to chemicals and moisture, making it suitable for fuel tanks and other applications that require chemical resistance. It is commonly used in fuel lines, door latches, and other components.

Selection Criteria

When choosing the right automotive plastic for a particular application, there are several factors to consider. The most important selection criteria include strength and durability, chemical resistance, heat resistance, impact resistance, cost and availability.

Strength and Durability

The strength and durability of the plastic are important considerations when selecting the right material for a particular application. Plastics like ABS, PP, and POM are all strong and durable materials that can withstand repeated impacts and wear over time.

Chemical Resistance

When selecting a plastic for an application that will be exposed to chemicals, chemical resistance is an important consideration. Plastics like PP, PET, and POM are all resistant to chemicals, making them ideal for fuel tanks and other applications that require chemical resistance.

Heat Resistance

Heat resistance is another important factor to consider when selecting a plastic for a particular application. Plastics like PC, PET, and POM are all resistant to heat, making them ideal for components that will be exposed to high temperatures.

Impact Resistance

Impact resistance is an important factor to consider when selecting a plastic for a particular application. Plastics like ABS, PP, and PC are all highly resistant to impacts, making them ideal for components that require durability.

Cost and Availability

The cost and availability of the plastic are also important factors to consider when selecting the right material for a particular application. Plastics like ABS, PP, and PC are all relatively inexpensive and widely available, making them ideal for mass production.

Conclusion

When choosing the right automotive plastic for a particular application, it’s important to consider the selection criteria outlined above. Every automotive plastic has unique properties that make it suitable for different applications. By carefully evaluating the strength and durability, chemical resistance, heat resistance, impact resistance, cost, and availability of each material, engineers can ensure they are selecting the best automotive plastic for maximum engineering performance.